走进新时代的中国城市地理学——建所70周年城市地理与城市发展研究成果及展望     

方创琳  陈田  刘盛和 《地理科学进展》2011,30(4):397-408

本文回顾了中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所建所70年城市地理与城市发展研究的变迁历程,并将其划分为缓慢探索阶段(1949-1980年)、积极参与阶段(1981-1990年)、快速拓展阶段(1991-2000年)和逐步深化阶段(2000年以来)4大阶段,系统总结了城市地理科研工作者在中国设市预测与规划调整、中国城镇体系规划...  相似文献   

苏里格气田东部二叠系盒8段储层次生孔隙形成主控因素          下载免费PDF全文

石新  欧阳诚  冯明友  朱萌  黄文明  谢林 《沉积与特提斯地质》2013,(4):54-59

苏里格气田东部下二叠统石盒子组8段是苏里格气田东部主要含气层位,其储集空间以各类次生孔隙为主。为明确次生孔隙控制因素,结合铸体薄片鉴定与定量统计、流体包裹体温度及成分分析等手段,对研究区盒8段储层次生孔隙特征及主控因素进行了系统研究。结果表明,苏里格气田东部盒8段储层次生孔隙的形成受有机酸溶蚀、深部热流体作用共同影响;平面分布受沉积相、构造及油气运移路径复合控制。沿构造鼻隆轴线方向、基底断裂结合部位与厚砂体叠合区附近次生孔隙最发育。  相似文献   

国内地质灾害机理与防治技术研究现状          下载免费PDF全文

李乾坤  石胜伟  韩新强  梁炯 《探矿工程》2013,40(7):52-54

根据2013年4月10～12日在北京召开的第六届全国地质灾害与防治学术会议的特邀报告、主题报告以及论文集所报道的目前国内地质灾害机理与防治技术现状,分别从地质灾害成灾机理与减灾对策、地质灾害监测预警、地质灾害防治技术与应急处置、区域地质灾害风险管理与评价等4个方面进行简要介绍和分析。这些方面的研究成果代表了目前国内地质灾害机理与防治技术研究的现状和发展方向,对促进我国今后的地质灾害机理与防治技术研究有一定的积极作用。  相似文献   

Sulfuric acid as an agent of carbonate weathering constrained by δC_DIC: Examples from Southwest China     

Si-Liang Li  Damien Calmels  Guilin Han  Jrme Gaillardet  Cong-Qiang Liu 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,270(3-4):189-199

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Relocation of the Yellow River as revealed by sedimentary isotopic and elemental signals in the East China Sea   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Weifeng Yang  Min Chen  Guangxue Li  Zhigang Guo  Jiang Liu 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(6):923-927

The Yellow River (YR) supplies a large amount of nutrients and fresh water to the northern Chinese marginal seas, and greatly influences the ecosystem and current patterns. The relocation of the YR outlet from the southern Yellow Sea (YS) to the Bohai Sea in 1855 was demonstrated using northern East China Sea (ECS) sediment characteristics. Both isotopic (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N) signals and C/N ratios in the organic matter (OM) indicate that prior to 1750, the predominant source of OM to the sediments was terrestrial. The terrestrial influences continuously weakened until 1855, when the YR estuary moved; after 1855, the OM was characterized by oceanic sources. Major elements (Al, Ti, Fe, Mn) and trace elements (Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb) had a much closer association with Malan loess prior to 1855, as >90% of the YR sediment was loess-derived. These results reveal that the relocation of the YR induced significant changes in the current patterns of the northern China Seas in the last 250 years; however, more studies are needed to further examine these linkages.  相似文献   

Identification and quantification of mixed sources of oil spills based on distributions and isotope profiles of long-chain n-alkanes     

Yun Li  Yongqiang Xiong 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(12):1868-1873

Combined with quantitative determination of concentration and isotopic composition of petroleum hydrocarbons, weathering simulation experiments on artificially mixed oils and their two end-member oils are performed for identification and quantification of mixed sources. The >C₁₈n-alkanes show no appreciable losses during a short-term weathering process. An approach based on distribution of long-chain n-alkanes (>C₁₈) is suggested for estimating the contribution proportion of each source in mixed oils. Stable carbon isotope profile of individual n-alkanes is a powerful tool to differentiate sources of oil spills, but unavailable to accurately allocate each contribution due to a relatively large analytical error.  相似文献   

Formation of Fe-oxyhydroxides from the East Pacific Rise near latitude 13°N:Evidence from mineralogical and geochemical data     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(2)

The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of Fe-oxyhydroxide samples from one dredge station (long. 103°54.48'W, lat. 12°42.30'N, water depth 2655 m) on the East Pacific Rise near lat 13°N were analyzed by XRD, ICP-AES, and ICP-MS. Most Fe-oxyhydroxides are amorphous, with a few sphalerite microlites. In comparison with Fe-oxyhydroxides from other fields, the variable ranges in the chemical composition of Fe-oxyhydroxide samples are very narrow; their Fe, Si, and Mn contents were 39.90%, 8.92%, and 1.59%, respectively; they have high Cu (0.88%―1.85%) and Co (65×10?6―704×10?6) contents, and contain Co Cu Zn Ni> 1.01%. The trace-element (As, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Sr) and major-element (Fe, Ca, Al, Mg) contents of these samples are in the range of hydrothermal sulfide from the East Pacific Rise near 13°N, reflecting that this type of Fe-oxyhydroxide constitutes a secondary oxidation product of hydrothermal sulfide. The Fe-oxyhydroxide samples from one dredge station on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N are lower in ΣREE (5.44×10?6―17.01×10?6), with a distinct negative Ce anomaly (0.12 ― 0.28). The Fe-oxyhydroxide samples have similar chondrite-normalized rare-earth-element (REE) patterns to that of seawater, and they are very different from the REE composition characteristics of hydrothermal plume particles and hydrothermal fluids, showing that the REEs of Fe-oxyhydroxide are a major constituent of seawater and that the Fe-oxyhydroxides can become a sink of REE from seawater. The quick settling of hydrothermal plume particles resulted in the lower REE content and higher Mn content of these Fe-oxyhydroxides, which are captured in part of the V and P from seawater by adsorption. The Fe-oxyhydroxides from one dredge station on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N were formed by secondary oxidation in a low temperature, oxygenated environment. In comparison with the elemental (Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Co, Cu) average content of hydrothermal sulfide samples from the East Pacific Rise near 13°N, the Zn, Cd, and Pb contents of the Fe-oxyhydroxides are lower, and their Fe, Co, and Cu contents are higher.  相似文献   

Periodical mixing of MORB magmas near East Pacific Rise 13°N: Evidence from modeling and zoned plagioclase phenocrysts     

GuoLiang Zhang  ZhiGang Zeng  XueBo Yin  DaiGeng Chen  XiaoYuan Wang  XiaoMei Wang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(12):1786-1801

Thirty-six basalt samples from near East Pacific Rise 13°N are analyzed for major and trace elements. Different types of zoned plagioclase phenocrysts in basalts are also backscatter imaged, and major element profiles scanned and analyzed for microprobe. Basalts dredged from a restricted area have evolved to different extents (MgO=9.38wt%—6.76wt%). High MgO basalts are modeled for crystalliza-tion to MgO of about 7wt%, and resulted in the Ni contents (≈28 ppm) that are generally lower than that in observed basalts (>60 ppm). It suggests that low MgO basalts may have experienced more intensive magma mixing. High MgO (9.38wt%) basalt is modeled for self-"mixing-crystallization", and the high Ni contents in low MgO basalts can be generated in small scale and periodical self-mixing of new magma (high MgO). "Mixing-crystallization" processes that low MgO magmas experienced accord with recent 226Ra/230Th disequilibria studies for magma residence time, in which low MgO magmas have experi-enced more circles of "mixing-crystallization" in relatively longer residence time. Magma mixing is not homogeneous in magma chamber, however, low MgO magmas are closer to stable composition pro-duced by periodical "mixing-crystallization", which is also an important reason for magma diversity in East Pacific Rise. Zoned plagioclase phenocrysts can be divided into two types: with and without high An# cores, both of which have multiple reversed An# zones, suggesting periodical mixing of their host magmas. Cores of zoned plagioclase in low MgO (7.45wt%) basalt differ significantly with their mantle in An#, but are similar in An# with microlite cores (products of equilibrium crystallization) in high MgO (9.38wt%) basalt, which further shows that plagioclase phenocryst cores in low MgO basalts may have formed in their parental magmas before entering into the magma chamber.  相似文献   

Spectroscopic Characterization of Compost at Different Maturity Stages   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Riccardo Spaccini  Alessandro Piccolo 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(2):152-157

We studied the physicochemical and molecular changes of compost during its maturation within 60, 90, and 150 days after the composting process. Moreover, the changes were also studied in compost residues after sequential removal of lipidic compounds. Infrared DRIFT spectrometry and ¹³C‐CPMAS‐NMR spectroscopy indicate that the molecular composition of compost changes dramatically during the stabilization period. The most decomposable components, mainly represented by bioavailable lipidic and peptidic structures, were progressively mineralized passing from 60 days to longer periods of compost stabilization. At increasing maturity stages, the composition of organic matter underwent a progressive enrichment in stable hydrophobic and ligno‐cellulosic material. The sequential extraction of lipidic compounds allowed an improved characterization of substrates and confirmed the outlined progressive transformation of compost. Compost may well be chosen on the basis of selected characteristics for environmental applications.  相似文献   

13X沸石分子筛的比表面积和孔分布   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

白峰  马鸿文 《现代地质》2008,22(5):838-844

对利用钾长石粉水热合成的13X沸石分子筛分别进行了比表面积和孔分布测定。结果表明:13X沸石分子筛比表面积约为621.50~747.40 m²/g,总孔体积约为0.344 70~0.393 70 cm³/g;具有高比例且孔径小于2.50 nm的微孔,中-小型实验样品(SXZ-10g和SXZ-1kg)的微孔体积比例相近,为81.33%~84.70%,而扩大实验样品(SXZ-10kg)的微孔体积比例为67.90%~67.98%。13X沸石分子筛微孔的含量是决定13X沸石分子筛具有高比表面积和高效吸附性能的前提。  相似文献